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9. Life of Solon


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Photo "Solon, the wise lawgiver of Athens", illustration by Walter Crane, from The Story of Greece, told to boys and girls, by Mary Macgregor (1910s) by Walter Crane is licensed Public Domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer, (including the United States).
Plutarch's Lives Volume 1 of 4 by Plutarch is licensed Public Domain in the USA.. Translated by Aubrey Stewart (and George Long). Intro by George Long.

Solon was a 6th-Century BC Dictator in Athens, immediately preceding Peisistratus, who repealed Drakos' Laws, instituted economic reforms to relieve the lower class, and then took a ten year leave of absence. While traveling in Egypt, he learned of the Legend of the Lost City of Atlantis, which we might not otherwise know about.

8. Comparison Of Numa With Lykurgus


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Plutarch compares Lykurgus King of Sparta versus Numa, who was the second King of Rome. In particular, for (reasons) Lykurgus' reforms lasted for hundreds of years in Sparta, whereas Numa's reforms did not. Plutarch also contrasts certain nuances of virtuousness between Lykurgus and Numa.

7. Life of Numa


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Photo Numa Pompilius shown as an effigy on a Roman coin minted by Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso during the reign of Emperor Augustus. by Hedning is licensed Public Domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Plutarch's Lives Volume 1 of 4 by Plutarch is licensed Public Domain in the USA.. Translated by Aubrey Stewart (and George Long). Intro by George Long.

Numa was a Sabine man who was elected King of Rome after Romulus, following an interregnum. He was a reluctant but virtuous, peaceful, and pious King, who united the Romans and Sabines, and ended war.

6. Life Of Lykurgus


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Lykurgus The Law-Giver reformed many institutions in early-classical Sparta. You will learn a lot about Sparta in this chapter.

5. Comparison of Theseus and Romulus

Theseus carries off Helen, on an Attic red-figure amphora, c. 510 BCE (Euthymides)

Sept. 10, 2021

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Plutarch compares Theseus and Romulus, the mythical founders of Athens and Rome respectively.

4. Life of Romulus


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Photo Brogi, Carlo (1850-1925), "Certosa di Pavia - Medallion at the base of the facade". by Carlo Brogi is licensed Public Domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer, and in the United States where the copyright has expired because its first publication occurred prior to January 1, 1926, and if not then due to lack of notice or renewal.
Plutarch's Lives Volume 1 of 4 by Plutarch is licensed Public Domain in the USA.. Translated by Aubrey Stewart (and George Long). Intro by George Long.

Romulus is the presumably mythical founder of Rome. If you've ever wondered if there was more to the story of Romulus than merely, "He was raised by a she-wolf and killed his brother Remus", then this is for you.

3. Life of Theseus


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Theseus is the founder of Athens, according to some combination of myth, history, and legend.

2. Life of Plutarch


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Photo Dryden near end of his life by Gerard Edelinck is licensed Public Domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer, and in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1926..
Plutarch's Lives Volume 1 of 4 by Plutarch is licensed Public Domain in the USA.. Translated by Aubrey Stewart (and George Long). Intro by George Long.

The third of three preface to Plutarch's Parallel Lives, written by John Dryden and taken from his 1683 translation.

1. Preface To The Civil Wars of Rome


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Photo A reconstructed statue of Augustus as a younger Octavian, dated c. 30 BC by Santo Attilio is licensed Public Domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1926..
Plutarch's Lives Volume 1 of 4 by Plutarch is licensed Public Domain in the USA.. Translated by Aubrey Stewart (and George Long). Intro by George Long.

The second of three prefaces to Plutarch's Parallel Lives written by George Long (one of the two translators).

0. Preface Plutarch's Lives


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Photo George Long by Hoppyh is licensed Public Domain in the United States because either its author died before 1951, or the death date of its author is not known, and it was created before 1901, or it is an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, and it was created before 1901..
Plutarch's Lives Volume 1 of 4 by Plutarch is licensed Public Domain in the USA.. Translated by Aubrey Stewart (and George Long). Intro by George Long.

Preface for Plutarch's Lives from Volume 1 of 4.

3. Caesar-Pompey Civil War Book III


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Caesar besieges Pompey at Dyrrhachium, but is defeated there. Then Caesar meets and defeats Pompey at Thessaly. Afterwards, Pompey flees to Alexandria where he is assassinated. Finally, Caesar involves himself in the Civil War between Ptolomy and Cleopatra.

2. Caesar-Pompey Civil War Book II

Juba I's bust in the Louvre, Paris

April 16, 2021

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Caesar's Lieutenant Caius Trebonius confronts and defeats Pompey's Lieutenant Lucius Domitius at Massilia where today is the city of Marseille France. Afterwards near Utica, in what is today Tunisia Africa, Caesar's Lieutenant Caius Curio confronts and is destroyed by Pompey's Lieutenant Publius Attius Varus and the Numidian King Juba.

1. Caesar-Pompey Civil War Book I


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Caesar confronts Pompey's Clients Afranius and Petreius in what is in the present-day Catalonia.

8. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book VIII

The Dordogne in the Périgord

March 24, 2021

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The Romans besiege Uxellodunum and succeed by cutting off their drinking water. Written after Caesar's Death by Aulus Hirtius.

7. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book VII

Poster for the French film Vercingétorix

March 20, 2021

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Photo Poster for the French film Vercingétorix by Cândido Aragonez de Faria (Laranjeiras (Brésil) EYE Film Institute Netherlands is licensed Public Domain in it's country of origin where copyright is expired, and in the United States where copyright is expired..
"De Bello Gallico" and Other Commentaries by Gaius Julius Caesar is licensed Public Domain in the USA. Translated by McDevitte, W. A. (William Alexander). Intro by De Quincey, Thomas.

The epic story of Caesar's confrontation with Vercingetorix at Alesia, featuring a double circumvallation siege.

6. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book VI

Ambiorix

March 15, 2021

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Photo Ambiorix by ArtMechanic is licensed CC BY-SA 3.0 (no jurisdiction specified).
"De Bello Gallico" and Other Commentaries by Gaius Julius Caesar is licensed Public Domain in the USA. Translated by McDevitte, W. A. (William Alexander). Intro by De Quincey, Thomas.

Caesar pursues Ambiorix of the Eburones in the Ardenne Forest, after once again briefly crossing the Rhine. And also offers colorful description and analysis of the people and customs of Germany and Gaul.

5. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book V

Landing of the Romans on the Coast of Kent - from Cassell's History of England, Vol. I - anonymous author and artists

March 14, 2021

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Caesar campaigns in Britain, going so far as to ford the River Thames in pursuit of the Britons, before withdrawing back to the Continent for the winter, where the Romans face revolt in Gaul.

4. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book IV


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Caesar builds a bridge over the River Rhine and invades Britain

3. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book III


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Caesar obliterated the Veneti a sea-fairing people in the Northwest of what is now France; not without some difficulty, on account of the difficulty of the terrain. But the Romans were able to overcome them by cutting their rigging, as the boats of the Veneti relied completely upon sail and did not have oar. After this the Romans also pacified Aquitania.

2. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book II


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Caesar pacifies the Belgae in Northern Gaul.

8. Mark Twain Concerning Tobaccco


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Photo Smoking a Cigar by Trent Palmer is licensed Public Domain wordwide.
What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain is licensed Public Domain in the USA.

An essay by Mark Twain about personal cigar preference.

7. Mark Twain Switzerland, The Cradle of Liberty


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Photo Jungfrau from north-east by 4000er is licensed Public Domain worldwide.
What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain is licensed Public Domain in the USA.

Mark Twain daydreams about Mt Jungfrau, Saint Fridolin, and the King of Greece.

6. Mark Twain How To Make History Dates Stick


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Photo Flag of England by Anomie is licensed Public Domain worldwide.
What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain is licensed Public Domain in the USA.

A rich satire of the English Accession from William the Conqueror in 1066 to Queen Victoria.

1. De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries Book I


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Caesar drives the Helvetii out of Gaul, and then marches North and annihilates Ariovistus.

5. Mark Twain A Scrap Of Curious History


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A short story about the Abolitionist Movement in a small town in Missouri.

0. Thomas De Quincey's Introduction to Caesar's De Bello Gallico & Other Commentaries


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Photo Bust of Julius Caesar, posthumous portrait in marble, 44–30 BC by Unknown is licensed Public Domain in the United States where copyright is expired.
"De Bello Gallico" and Other Commentaries by Gaius Julius Caesar is licensed Public Domain in the USA. Translated by McDevitte, W. A. (William Alexander). Intro by De Quincey, Thomas.

The context for this commentary is that in the time of Caesar's youth, the Dictator Sulla had recently overthrown the dictator Marius. Caesar was ostensibly deemed to be at opposition to Sulla, but managed to escape his political purge.

4. Mark Twain The Memorable Assassination


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An essay about the assassination of Habsburg Empress Elizabeth on September 10, 1898.

3. Mark Twain Taming The Bicycle


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A short story about Mark Twain trying to learn how to ride a bicycle, and failing quite badly at it.

2. Mark Twain The Bee


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An essay about the human qualities of bees.

1. Mark Twain On Girls


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Photo Twain in 1907 by A.F. Bradley is licensed Public Domain in the United States where copyright is expired.
What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain is licensed Public Domain in the USA.

An essay by Mark Twain about girls.